Water, Land and Ecosystems - Other

Unlocking the potential of flood farming to reduce flood risks and boost dryland production in Ethiopia

Anonymous — Fri, 21 Jan 2022 12:38:32 +0000

TypeOther

Subjects

Droughts
Floods
Livelihoods

Languageen

Authors

Desta, Gizaw
Legesse, Gizachew
Amede, Tilahun
van F.Rooyen, Andre
Whitbread, Anthony

Ethiopia is experiencing extreme weather variability with some areas being vulnerable to drought, while others are impacted by flooding. Despite being given relatively less attention as compared to drought, flooding has long been recognized as one of the major disasters affecting the lives and livelihoods of the people. Flood disaster has been limited in the past in terms of frequency and scope. The recent trend of increasing incidents of floods in Ethiopia is disrupting the livelihoods of the population residing in the lowlands. Flood hazard is part and parcel of living for a large number of people in the lowlands such as districts in Afar located along Awash River, in the Somali region along the Wabi Shebele River, in the South Omo along Omo River, in Gambella along the Baro and Akobo Rivers, and floodplains surrounding Lake Tana. The humid highlands that are characterized by steep ad rugged terrain and heavy rainfall features pose the lowlands prone to floods during the rainy seasons. Often, floods occur in the country as a result of intense and sustained rainfalls in the highlands causing rivers to overflow and inundate areas along the riverbanks in lowland plains. On the other hand, these regions have one of the highest potentials for flood farming as the runoff generated from the highlands of Oromia, Amhara, SNNPR, and Tigray can be available in the immediate lowlands.

Download

Download PDF

Citation

Desta, Gizaw; Legesse, Gizachew; Amede, Tilahun; van F.Rooyen, Andre; Whitbread, Anthony. 2021. Unlocking the potential of flood farming to reduce flood risks and boost dryland production in Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 10p.

Accessibility

Open Access

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/117673

Solutions

Assessing risk in times of climate change and COVID-19: city region food system of Tamale, Ghana

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeOther

Languageen

Authors

FAO
RUAF Foundation
International Water Management Institute

This factsheet provides information on the general knowledge collected by the city region food system (CRFS) project in its phase 2 regarding the assessment of risks for the CRFS of Tamale. The data was collected through literature review and stakeholder consultations.

Download

Download

Citation

FAO; RUAF Foundation; International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Assessing risk in times of climate change and COVID-19: city region food system of Tamale, Ghana. Rome, Italy: FAO. 4p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6621en]

Accessibility

Open Access

Research Themes

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/115737

Guidelines on soil salinity and irrigation water on date palms الدليل الارشادي لتأثير ملوحة التربة ومياه الري على نخيل التمر

Anonymous — Tue, 28 Dec 2021 12:40:10 +0000

TypeOther

Subjects

Agricultural production
Irrigation
Soil

Authors

Al Wahaibi, H. S.
Ibrahim, A. O.

Salinity is one of the challenges facing agricultural production, especially in arid and semi-arid desert areas. As the increased concentration of salts in the water or soil negatively affects crops' growth and productivity, the successive irrigation process causes the salts to be washed under the root zone. The salts accumulate in the soil's depths, which requires soaking the accumulated salts. Their accumulation leads to a severe lack of absorption of the plant's nutrients, especially potassium, magnesium, and calcium, thus weak growth and low plant productivity in quantity and quality. The rise in the groundwater level adds groundwater salts due to its upward movement and reaching the root growth zone to increase its content of dissolved salts in it. The salts accumulated in the roots' vessels are transferred to the stem and leaves, and the salts accumulated in the leaves can be drawn from them to the branch; and the most persistent elements in the leaves are Ca, B, Mn, and silicon.

Download

Download

Citation

Guidelines on soil salinity and irrigation water on date palms الدليل الارشادي لتأثير ملوحة التربة ومياه الري على نخيل التم

Accessibility

Open Access

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/117237

Solutions

Background information and methodology to support estimation of sustainable groundwater abstraction using GEFIS

Anonymous — Fri, 17 Dec 2021 12:36:32 +0000

TypeOther

Subjects

Groundwater
Water use

Languageen

Authors

Sood, A.
Villholth, Karen G.

When assessing environmental flow requirements (EFR) of rivers, and adapting appropriate management strategies to comply with EFR, it is critical to understand the changes that may impact river flows. These could be river abstractions and discharges, land use changes, river diversion and impoundment, as well as groundwater abstraction in the catchment or river basin. The link between groundwater and surface water flow can be significant, implying that if groundwater is pumped near a river, it may significantly influence and reduce river flow (Barlow and Leake, 2012) (Figure A1). This is because in many, especially perennial rivers, groundwater provides part of the flow in the river, a flow component called base flow (BF) (Figure A1). By implication, management of rivers and EFR is closely linked to groundwater management, and to ensure sustainable outcomes, in most cases, management of both water resources are required. This is referred to as conjunctive water management (Barlow and Leake, 2012).

Download

Download PDF

Citation

Sood, A.; Villholth, Karen G. 2021. Background information and methodology to support estimation of sustainable groundwater abstraction using GEFIS. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 7p. (Appendix)

Accessibility

Open Access

Research Themes

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116813

Solutions

Productivity

Minutes of virtual meeting of the WLE Independent Steering Committee (ISC), 15 January 2021

Anonymous — Fri, 19 Mar 2021 11:33:14 +0000

TypeOther

Languageen

Authors

CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems

Download

Download PDF

Citation

CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 2021. Minutes of virtual meeting of the WLE Independent Steering Committee (ISC), 15 January 2021. Colombo, Sri Lanka. CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 4p.

Accessibility

Limited Access

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/113054

A user guide to the Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) baseline survey data: Ethiopia and Tanzania

Anonymous — Thu, 07 Jan 2021 12:32:22 +0000

TypeOther

Subjects

Agricultural production
Food Security
Innovation
Irrigation

Languageen

Authors

Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework
Bryan, Elisabeth
Choufani, Jowel
Davies, Emma
Ringler, Claudia
Passarelli, Simone

The baseline survey data were collected in Ethiopia (November 2014 – December 2014), Tanzania (June 2015 – July 2015), and Ghana (November 2015 – February 2016) as part of the five-year Feed the Future Innovation Laboratory for Small-Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) project. The ILSSI project aims to benefit farmers of Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Ghana by improving effective use of scarce water supplies through interventions aimed at the scaling of small-scale irrigation for prosperity, nutrition and women’s empowerment. Due to differences in sampling methodology and survey timing, the Ghana survey data are not further described in the following. The ILSSI project is led by the Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture at Texas A&M University, which also models the potential for upscaling of small-scale irrigation and environmental impacts and builds capacity using the Integrated Decision Support System (IDSS). The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) led the baseline and endline data collection as well as analysis of the gender, nutritional and health impacts of small-scale irrigation technologies, and the potential for upscaling of small-scale irrigation technologies to the national level in Ethiopia, Ghana and Tanzania. The International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), and North Carolina A&T State University field tested promising small-scale irrigation technologies in selected sites in each country and identified promising business models, small-scale irrigation technologies and opportunities to remove constraints to scaling. Local collaborators included in the data collection included the Association of Ethiopian Microfinance Institutions (Ethiopia), Sokoine University of Agriculture (Tanzania), and University of Development Studies (Ghana). The ILSSI baseline survey collected detailed household, individual, and plot-crop level data including the following modules: household roster; description of agricultural land (size, distance from home, soil type, registration, etc.); soil conservation; crop production, agricultural inputs, irrigation water sources, technologies and practices, and sales of agricultural products; labor (family, hired, and exchanged); livestock ownership, feed, and products; household income and expenditures; participation in social protection and development programs; shocks (agricultural and non-agricultural); dietary diversity and anthropometry; health; food security; and water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH).

Citation

Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework; Bryan, Elizabeth; Choufani, Jowel; Davies, Emma; Ringler, Claudia; Passarelli, Simone. 2019. A user guide to the Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) baseline survey data: Ethiopia and Tanzania. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Accessibility

Open Access

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110735

Solutions

Drivers of adoption of small-scale irrigation in Mali and its impacts on nutrition across sex of irrigators

Anonymous — Thu, 07 Jan 2021 12:32:22 +0000

TypeOther

Subjects

Agricultural production
Gender
Irrigation
Livelihoods
Smallholders

Languageen

Authors

Nkonya, Ephraim M.
Kato, Edward
Ru, Yating

Irrigation is an important strategy to increase agricultural productivity, improve nutrition security and reduce climate-related risks in rural Africa, but adoption of this technology has been low. Using data from the Living Standards Measurement Study, this paper analyzes the characteristics of irrigation in Mali and its impact on nutrition across sex of irrigators. Results show that gravity irrigation is the most common technology and is practiced by 47 percent of irrigators. The share of women irrigators (3 percent of all plots) is significantly lower than that of men. Econometric results show that the proximity of crop fields to the homestead increases the propensity to use motor pumps while more remote plots are more likely to rely on gravity irrigation. Literacy and income from nonfarm activities increase the propensity to use motorized irrigation technologies. Access to motor pumps, in turn, increases consumption of fruits and vegetables, oils, spices, and cereals for female-headed households. Overall, irrigation increases consumption of nutrient-rich food groups, which significantly improves household nutrition in addition to increasing income. Participation in farmer groups increases the propensity to adopt irrigation. Farmer groups might also be an entry point for capacity building on irrigation; and groups to which women farmers belong should receive information on irrigation. Farmer groups also tend to support market participation, which is important to help address the challenge of economies of scale of small-scale irrigators.

Download

Download

Citation

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Kato, Edward; Ru, Yating. 2020. Drivers of adoption of small-scale irrigation in Mali and its impacts on nutrition across sex of irrigators. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1924. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133713

Accessibility

Open Access

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110741

Solutions

Sustainable land management and its effects on water security and poverty: Evidence from a watershed intervention program in Ethiopia

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeOther

Subjects

Irrigation
Land Management
Livelihoods
Poverty
Smallholders
Water Management
Watersheds

Languageen

Authors

Kato, Edward
Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework
Tiruneh, Solomon
Ringler, Claudia

This paper investigates the impacts of sustainable land management (SLM) on water security and poverty based on an evaluation of a watershed level SLM program promoted in Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. A household survey was conducted in two WLRC watersheds with SLM programming as well as complementary support and two adjacent watersheds without such programming. Our findings show that the SLM program significantly increased plot-level adoption of SLM practices, particularly of soil bunds and stone terraces. We also find that SLM contributes to water security for both crop and livestock production. Households in SLM-supported learning watersheds have more access to groundwater for irrigation and have higher crop yields for maize, mango and millet; have experienced improving water availability for livestock production in the past five years; and have higher income from livestock products than households in control watersheds. The positive impacts of SLM and complementary interventions on livestock income is attributed to the improved water security conditions in the learning watersheds, access to better animal forage planted along the SLM constructed structures, and animal vaccination and artificial insemination services that were part of the broader set of interventions. These findings further show that although SLM impacts were limited, the potential to improve welfare of smallholders across several livelihoods is enhanced when SLM is combined with other multifaceted complimentary interventions.

Download

Download

Citation

Kato, Edward; Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework; Tiruneh, Solomon; and Ringler, Claudia. 2019. Sustainable land management and its effects on water security and poverty: Evidence from a watershed intervention program in Ethiopia. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1811. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133144

Accessibility

Open Access

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/107266

Solutions

Research guide for water-energy-food nexus analysis

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeOther

Subjects

Energy
Food systems

Languageen

Authors

Ringler, Claudia
Mondal, Md. Hossain Alam
Paulos, Helen Berga
Mirzabaev, Alisher
Breisinger, Clemens
Wiebelt, Manfred
Siddig, Khalid
Villamor, Grace
Zhu, Tingju
Bryan, Elisabeth

The project titled “The Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Global, Basin and Local Case Studies of Resource Use Efficiency under Growing Natural Resource Scarcity“ (2015-2018), which was supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany, and was undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems. The project set out to develop research methodologies and insights globally as well as for the Eastern Nile Technical Regional Organization (ENTRO) of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) and Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan to support efforts for enhanced water, energy and food security and environmental sustainability. The toolkit describes both qualitative and quantitative methods that have been used in the research project. It is not meant to be an exhaustive list of information and tools related to the analysis of the water, energy and food (WEF) nexus. The overall focus of the tools has been on economic analysis of the linkages across water, energy and food--to complement other studies and method developments that focus on biophysical linkages across the WEF nexus. The toolkit is aimed, primarily, at researchers interested in the analysis of the water, energy and food nexus. However, the studies summarized here also provide insights for practitioners implementing Nexus projects.

Download

Download PDF

Citation

Ringler, Claudia; Mondal, Md. Hossain Alam; Paulos, Helen Berga; Mirzabaev, Alisher; Breisinger, Clemens; Wiebelt, Manfred; Siddig, Khalid; Villamor, Grace; Zhu, Tingju; and Bryan, Elizabeth. 2018. Research guide for water-energy-food nexus analysis. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15738coll2/id/132991

Accessibility

Open Access

Research Themes

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/101505

Solutions

Trade-offs and synergies

The impact of irrigation on nutrition, health, and gender.

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeOther

Subjects

Gender
Health
Irrigation

Languageen

Authors

Ringler, Claudia
Domenech, L.

Download

Download

Citation

Domenech, L. and C. Ringler. 2013. The impact of irrigation on nutrition, health, and gender. A review paper with insights for Africa south of the Sahara. IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 1259. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI.

Accessibility

Limited Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/66009

Solutions