Water, Land and Ecosystems - Conference Paper

Regional drought monitoring for managing water security in South Asia

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Languageen

Authors

Amarnath, Giriraj
Ghosh, Surajit
Alahacoon, Niranga
Nakada, Toru
Rao, K.V.
Sikka, Alok

Drought is the most complex climate-related disaster issue in South Asia and has affected 1.46 billion people with an economic loss of over 7 billion USD in the last 56 years. South Asia is challenged with water, food, and energy security due to growing populations, incomes, resource degradation, and vulnerability to climate change. Monitoring of drought and associated agricultural production deficits using meteorological and agricultural indices is an essential component for drought preparedness. Remote sensing offers near real-time monitoring of drought conditions and IWMI’s has implemented South Asia Drought Monitoring System (SADMS) in 2014 as an online platform for drought early warning and support in drought declaration. This chapter explores the use of composite drought indices implemented in Google Earth Engine (GEE) and evaluates the crop yield variability during drought years. The study provides a rapid overview of drought-prone conditions that could enhance the present capabilities of early warning systems and enable science based policies for addressing water security in the agriculture sector and develop a drought response plan between water supply and demand, significantly increasing the vulnerability of regions to damaging impacts of drought events.

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Amarnath, Giriraj; Ghosh, Surajit; Alahacoon, Niranga; Nakada, Toru; Rao, K. V.; Sikka, Alok. 2021. Regional drought monitoring for managing water security in South Asia. In Amaratunga, D.; Haigh, R.; Dias, N. (Eds.). Multi-hazard early warning and disaster risks. Selected papers presented at the International Symposium on Multi-Hazard Early Warning and Disaster Risk Reduction, Online Symposium, 14-16 December 2020. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.465-481. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73003-1_32]

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Research Themes

Rural-Urban Linkages

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116410

Reuse of food waste as animal feed in Sri Lanka

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Languageen

Authors

Jayathilake, Nilanthi
Aheeyar, Mohamed
Drechsel, Pay

The use of food waste (FW) from food services as animal feed through informal agreements has been in practice for many years in Sri Lanka. However, data to show the scale of this practice are inadequate. This paper aims to study the extent of FW diverted to piggeries and the opportunities and challenges in reusing FW as animal feed. The data were collected via telephonic survey from 24 piggery farmers in the Western Province in May 2020. Results revealed that 50% of farmers were rearing 100-300 pigs. Farmers used FW as a major feed source to satisfy 82% of total feed requirement on an average. About 40% of the farmers collected the FW from multiple sources such as hotels, restaurants and canteens. Given that the piggery farms are located in peri-urban areas, the average distance traveled by the farmers is 38 km up and down which indicated the value of FW for them. FW was supplied mostly free of charge; however, 26% of the farmers pay LKR 2 to 40/kg when supplied by intermediaries. FW was collected daily, and the amount collected by the farmers varies 50 to 10000 kg/day depending on demand and supply, with 75% of farmers collected less than 1000 kg/day.

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Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Drechsel, Pay. 2021. Reuse of food waste as animal feed in Sri Lanka. In Malathy, P.; Kajanthy, S.; Rukshani, P.; Sarmatha, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Vavuniya University International Research Conference (VUIRC) 2021 on Human Empowerment Through Research Excellence, Virtual Conference, 15 October 2021. Vavuniya, Sri Lanka: University of Vavuniya. pp.51-55.

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116097

Evaluation of shallow ground water recharge and its potential for dry season irrigation at Brante Watershed, Dangila, Ethiopia

Anonymous — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 11:37:41 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Languageen

Authors

Eshete, D. G.
Tilahun, S.A.
Moges, M. A.
Schmitter, Petra S.
Dokou, Z.
Sinshaw, B. G.
Atalay, E. B.
Takele, D. Y.
Getie, W. A.

The estimation of crop water demand and understanding groundwater use is an essential component for managing water effectively. Groundwater is the main source of irrigation in Dangila. However, there is a lack of information in the study area on amount of irrigated land, irrigation water use and demand, groundwater recharge. Consequently, the objective of this study is to determine the groundwater recharge and its potential for dry season irrigation. The study was conducted in Brante watershed of 5678 ha located in Dangila woreda, Ethiopia. Water table data from twenty-five wells and discharge data at the outlet of the watershed used to assess recharge amount in 2017. To calculate irrigation water demand, CROPWAT model was used. Questionnaires were undertaken to assess groundwater use. A KOMPSAT-2 image was used to map shallow groundwater irrigated vegetables in February 2017. From the soil water balance method, the annual groundwater recharge was 17,717,690 m3 which is 15.8% of annual rainfall, and recharge amount of 14,853,339 m3 was obtained using water table fluctuation method. From satellite image classification the area coverage of dry season irrigated vegetables (onion, tomato, pepper) below the main road was 4.02 ha. From CROPWAT result, seasonal irrigation water demand for onion, Tomato, and pepper was 333,314, and 261 mm respectively. However, the questioners result indicates that farmers apply in average 20% more water than crop water demand. In the watershed 60,150 m3, 62,750 m3 and 41,603 m3 of water was abstracted for irrigation, domestic and livestock use respectively. The ratio of groundwater use to groundwater recharge at the watershed scale was found to be only 1%. This study indicates that the current use of groundwater was sustainable. For better improvement of household livelihood irrigation can be further expand using ground water. Future work should be performed to determine if the method outlined in this research could be used to accurately estimate available water potential.

Citation

Eshete, D. G.; Tilahun, S. A.; Moges, M. A.; Schmitter, Petra; Dokou, Z.; Sinshaw, B. G.; Atalay, E. B.; Moges, M. A.; Takele, D. Y.; Getie, W. A. 2020. Evaluation of shallow ground water recharge and its potential for dry season irrigation at Brante Watershed, Dangila, Ethiopia. In Habtu, N. G.; Ayele, D. W.; Fanta, S. W.; Admasu, B. T.; Bitew, M. A. (Eds.). Advances of science and technology. Proceedings of the 7th EAI International Conference on Advancement of Science and Technology (ICAST 2019), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2-4 August 2019. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 148-168. (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering (LNICST) Volume 308) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43690-2_11]

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110346

Framework for co-development of an open hydrological data system to enhance climate resilience in climate vulnerable countries: experience from a digital groundwater monitoring pilot in Nepal. [Abstract only].

Anonymous — Wed, 07 Jul 2021 11:37:09 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Languageen

Authors

Urfels, A.
Shakya, S. M.
Maharjan, S.
Lohanee, B. D.
Pandey, V.
Khadka, Manohara
Adhikari, S.
Neupane, A.
Karki, S.
Acharya, S.
Foster, T.
Krupnik, Timothy J.

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Urfels, A.; Shakya, S. M.; Maharjan, S.; Lohanee, B. D.; Pandey, V.; Khadka, Manohara; Adhikari, S.; Neupane, A.; Karki, S.; Acharya, S.; Foster, T.; Krupnik, T. 2021. Framework for co-development of an open hydrological data system to enhance climate resilience in climate vulnerable countries: experience from a digital groundwater monitoring pilot in Nepal. [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly 2021, Online, 19-30 April 2021. 2p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15104]

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Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/113610

Challenges and opportunities in the operationalization of the Water-Environment-Energy-Food (WE2F) Nexus: Case study of the upper Niger basin and inner Niger delta, West Africa

Anonymous — Mon, 04 Jan 2021 12:31:44 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Subjects

Biodiversity
Decision making
Energy
Food systems
Land Management
Livelihoods
Models

Languageen

Authors

Seidou, O.
Maiga, F.
Ringler, Claudia
Kalcic, S.
Ferrini, L.

The ever-increasing demand for water, food, and energy is putting unsustainable pressure on natural resources worldwide, often leading to environmental degradation that, in turn, affect water, food, and energy security. The recognition of the complex interlinkages between multiple sectors has led to the creation of various holistic approaches to environmental decision making such as Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM), Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), Virtual Water (VW), Water Footprint (WF) and lately the Food-EnergyEnvironment-Water nexus (WE2F). All these approaches aim to increase resource use efficiency and promote sustainability by increasing the cooperation between traditionally disjoint sectors, and mainly differ by the number and relative weights of the sectors included in their framework. They also suffer from the same face and the same barriers for implementation, some of which may never be fully overcome. The paper discusses the benefits of adopting a WE2F nexus approach in the Upper Niger Basin (UNB) and the Inner Niger Delta (IND), but also the multiple difficulties associated with its practical implementation. IWRM/WE2F initiatives in the UNB/IND such as the BAMGIRE project piloted by Wetlands International and funded by the Dutch Embassy in Mali to secure livelihoods and biodiversity in a changing environment, is taken as an example of partial success in the use of a nexus approach to watershed management. It was shown there are multiple barriers to the operational implementation of the WE2F. However, while a full understanding of all interlinkage between sectors may never be possible, data collection, scientific research and model development can improve our ability to understand the complex system in which we live, and hence take better decisions

Citation

Seidou, O.; Maiga, F.; Ringler, C.; Kalcic, S.; Ferrini, L. 2020. Challenges and opportunities in the operationalization of the Water-Environment-Energy-Food (WE2F) Nexus: Case study of the upper Niger basin and inner Niger delta, West Africa. E3S Web of Conferences 183: 02001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018302001

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110686

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Food versus fuel: Examining tradeoffs in the allocation of biomass energy sources to domestic and productive uses in Ethiopia

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Subjects

Agricultural production
Energy
Gender

Languageen

Authors

Mekonnen, D.K.
Bryan, Elisabeth
Alemu, T.
Ringler, Claudia

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Mekonnen, D.K.; Bryan, E.; Alemu, T.; Ringler, C. 2015.Food versus fuel: Examining tradeoffs in the allocation of biomass energy sources to domestic and productive uses in Ethiopia. Milwaukee, WI, USA: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (AAEA). https://purl.umn.edu/205752

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/68552

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Changing preferences through experimental games: Evidence from sanitation and hygiene in Tamil Nadu

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Languageen

Authors

Stopnitzky, Yaniv

Much policy interest in sanitation and hygiene promotion focuses on changing behavior and increasing demand for these goods. Yet the effectiveness of large-scale interventions has been mixed, in large part because of the difficulty of changing attitudes on deeply rooted behaviors. This study tests whether an experiential learning exercise structured around an experimental game can be used to shift preferences around sanitation and hygiene. A minimum coordination game is adapted to the sanitation and hygiene setting by linking game choices to real-world investment decisions and payoffs in terms of health and status. Individuals from 20 villages in rural Tamil Nadu were randomly assigned to one of three groups: one that played a game in which communication between rounds was allowed, another that played a game in which communication was prohibited, and a control group that only completed a survey. Based on a comparison of survey responses across treatment arms, the game improved stated preferences in relation to sanitation and hygiene. This effect was larger when communication was allowed, and men responded on average more strongly than women across both versions of the game. These results suggest that experimental games can be a valuable tool not only for the study of decision making but for improving participants’ knowledge and pro-sanitation preferences.

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Stopnitzky, Yaniv. 2016. Changing preferences through experimental games: Evidence from sanitation and hygiene in Tamil Nadu. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1587. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/131002

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Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/78481

Developing rainwater management strategies through integration of technologies, institutions and policies for Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia.

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Subjects

Poverty/food security/livelihoods
Hydrology/hydrogeology
Institutions/governance/policies/reforms
Land degradation
Landscape management
Water productivity
Agricultural water management
River basins

Languageen

Authors

Sharma, Bharat R.
Langan, Simon J.
Amede, Tilahun

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Sharma, Bharat; Langan, Simon; Amede, Tilahun. 2012. Developing rainwater management strategies through integration of technologies, institutions and policies for Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. [Presented at the Workshop on Rainfed Production under Growing Rain Variability: Closing the Yield Gap]. [Abstract only]. In Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). Water and food security. Abstract volume, World Water Week in Stockholm, Sweden, 26-31 August 2012. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). pp.137-138.

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/34695

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Food versus fuel: Examining tradeoffs in the allocation of biomass energy sources to domestic and productive uses in Ethiopia

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Subjects

Agricultural production
Energy
Gender

Languageen

Authors

Mekonnen, D.K.
Bryan, Elisabeth
Alemu, T.
Ringler, Claudia

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Open Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/68027

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A comparative socio-economic analysis of water storage schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeConference Paper

Subjects

Water Storage
Energy
Multiple uses of water
Irrigation
Poverty/food security/livelihoods
Socio-economics
Impact
Climate change

Languageen

Authors

Xenarios, Stefanos
Eguavoen, I.
McCartney, Matthew P.

The recent interest of international funding organizations for financing water storage schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa as a response to anticipated climate change has revived the debate on more appropriate methodologies for welfare assessments. Increasingly, water storage construction is moving away from single objectives like simple irrigation or hydropower production to multiple purpose systems. The inclusion of other socially and environmental related aspects like poverty alleviation and sustenance of minimum ecological services becomes a highly demanding objective for most of the donors. The multi-objective purpose of water storage questions in turn impacts the scaling of a storage scheme as well as the effectiveness of larger versus smaller technical options. The prevailing monetary assessments of direct costs and benefits appear inefficient to capture the diversity of multi-objective targets and the scaling issue by often indicating sub-optimal solutions. The current study proposes an alternative methodological approach based on an outranking methodology equipped with a set of preference conditions and weighting indices. Though based on the underlying principle of economic efficiency, the approach avoids some crucial weaknesses of the mainstream analysis by giving higher attention to a wider range of criteria. The method was tested in six case studies in Ethiopia and Ghana where representative small and large water storage types of Sub-Saharan Africa (small dams, large dams, wells, river diversion, ponds and soil moisture) were assessed in comparison to each other and then evaluated with the help of ethnographic findings.

Citation

Xenarios, Stefanos; Eguavoen, I.; McCartney, Matthew. 2012. A comparative socio-economic analysis of water storage schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Paper presented at the 2nd International Comparative Water Studies Workshop, Bonn, Germany, 20-21 January 2012. 20p.

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Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/34715

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