The overall aim is to increase adaptive capacity through recognition and inclusion of ecosystem services provided by natural infrastructure in investment strategies for climate change adaptation and through optimisation with built infrastructure planning and development. Research is being conducted in the Tana River basin in Kenya and the Volta River basin in West Africa to: i) understand how ecosystem services support built infrastructure operations; ii) gain understanding of how ecosystems services are changing because of changes in climate; iii) determine how the data and tools needed to incorporate ecosystem services into water resources development and climate change adaptation can be made available to policy makers and water resource managers.